Many medium and large enterprises huge monthly long distance expenses. Currently, companies can use IP Phone Cards Means of saving the bill, but because of its long identification and password authentication, and even redial are very troublesome, making it difficult to popularize in the enterprise, but also to pay a large percentage of local phone calls. Against which I introduced a new type of IP phone gateway, solve these problems, enabling businesses to easily and conveniently save long distance charges.

First, what is VOIP? VOIP is Voice OverIP, is to convert voice or fax data, together with the data and then share the same IP Network (Internet internet). As the voice and fax ride for free in the Internet on a “ride”, so point to point (gateway — Gateway) long distance (international or domestic) Communication Is completely free.

Now has no long-distance phone companies must relay, as long as using VOIP Technology , You can use the IP network into the adapter.

IP network can be Internet, I PLC (International line), Wireless Network Contact, etc., as long as the IP protocol is used (Internet Protocol) on it. The VOIP system is the traditional telephone network and the Internet mix and match together.

Works (Figure 1) Second, why the establishment of companies and enterprises to VOIP communications network?

Through the Internet to the telephone or fax communications, for you year after year to save a lot of long distance communications!

Between two points if there is frequent long-distance telephone communications, you will deeply appreciate your long-distance communications had brought a heavy burden. If you have multiple offices abroad Cooperation Partners, or for any significant reduction in long-distance charges between the two places are worthy of your time on our company’s VOIP system applications Solutions Further understanding.

With ADSL , LAN, DDN, etc. Gradually spread of broadband networks and network speed, bandwidth greatly improved. If the business is only using ADSL and other broadband networks transceiver Electronic E-mail, browse the Web, find information such as the use of commonly used simple, will cause a lot of bandwidth, waste of resources.

VOIP appearance, is full use of their existing broadband ADSL and other resources, corporate communications and fax operations to the company’s existing ADSL and other broadband networks to communicate and fax. Enterprises such as ADSL broadband network mostly by way of monthly, when the two companies total, between branch offices, VOIP equipment are installed after the company had total between the two places, branch communications and fax services will be through the business of ADSL and other broadband communications network, which year after year, saving a lot of business off-site under the general, long distance between offices (international and domestic) communication costs.

Function display (Figure 2) And the public through VO IP Voice Gateway Features: —-

Immediate and direct savings to businesses by telephone, fax operations to the company’s existing ADSL and other broadband networks to transmit, for the enterprise instant save a lot of long-distance communications costs. Communication depending on the number of corporate users can immediately save you more than 70% of long-distance communication costs.

1, point-free calls Whole company can use the —– and the public through VOIP systems can be linked to the company’s PBX ( PBX ), So be open to employees of company-wide use, pick up the table as long as the existing telephone, you can make free long distance calls or faxes;

Call easy to use —– General, branch we are facing, not only ordinary telephone Computer Without re-learning, you can immediately use;

Such as: Corporation (port cornet): 66666

Shenzhen Branch (port cornet): 77777 Shanghai Corporation (Port cornet): 88 888 Taiwan companies (port cornet): 99999 USA (port cornet): 33333

Head hit the Shenzhen: hook +77777 Shanghai hit the United States: hook +33333

2, Hua Fei low long distance calls

And the public can be achieved through peer to peer VOIP system in addition to free calls, you can also make domestic and international long distance calls, while the cost is very low, the rate is about normal Telecommunications Sector 30%.

Dialing method: Domestic long-distance: hook + area code + phone number Domestic long distance

International: Abstract Machine + International long distance area code + phone number + #

3, stable support for fax VOIP Gateway

and the public through its own R & D by the latest data processing technology, solves the VOIP industry is generally not stable to support fax problems. VOIP gateway to make and the public through a VOIP industry best gateways to support fax, stable support for more than 30 consecutive fax, high-definition.

4, multi-line calls at the same time

Take up very little bandwidth, only occupy a common bandwidth (such as ADSL, TV Broadband) will support the 16 lines while working (call, fax); In the case of routing Sharer The form of shared access, just take up Hubs ( Switch ) Of a port can support 16 lines while working (call, fax).

5, quickly build internal telephone network

This product features both a telephone PBX, can be quickly and easily build enterprise internal telephone communication network.

Spice has made it to count among the most reckoned and highly demanded mobile brand. Al the offerings put forth by this brand are perfect and stand tall with respect to performance, design and functionality. The new Spice mobile launched with the name, Spice M6800 FLO has set the market on fire with its groundbreaking features and amazing technology. There have emerged a large number of companies, which are competing highly in the market to get the much needed place and repute. But, the reasonable price policy followed by this brand has granted it an effortless win in this domain. The new model Spice M 6800 FLO has been featured with a 3D user interface model and is offered at a nominal price to the users.

It is a great mobile phone launched by Spice so as to make it India’s first Google Android enabled mobile from Spice. All the features and functionalities imbibed by this mobile phone are worth the praise and are truly required for a mobile savvy to function. The model is also set integrated with a 3D option. You will be happy to discover the advanced and updated video and audio players that work fantastically in your hands, eliminating clumsy functioning. The new Spice mobile has got to feature the good internal and external memory option that makes it a better storing device to keep your movies and data safe. It works on the supportive network frequencies that are set at 900/1800 MHz. it has also got a voice memo and caller group additional features that will make you a Spice mobile lover after its usage.

Boasting perfect dimensions of 107.8 x 53.6 x 12.5 mm, it has no chance to bother you while resting in your hands. Also, it has got in-built standard battery that can provide you up to 4 hours talktime and up to 250 hours standby time. Laos the display screen is 8cm wide with touch screen capacitive featuring 240 x 400 resolution. The inbuilt camera is enabled with 3.2 Megapixels powers. brightness, digital zoom, night vision, photo CLS and video recording options that have added to its worth in the market. It is also enabled with a fast running and effective bluetooth v2.1 accompanied by Wi-Fi LAN and GPRS connectivity services. Spice M6800 FLO Reviews have made the potential buyers to think of its serious purchase by spending a nominal price out of their pockets.

When it comes to a desktop computer, a mouse is very important interface. It was developed by Douglas Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute. The mouse has played a very crucial role in the evolution of the GUI. There are wide selections of mice in the market and the latest gaming mice are truly exciting. They sport plenty of high-end features so that the PC gamers can enjoy the game to its fullest. If you need tech support for resolving any computer problem, talk to a PC repair company.

The touchpad is another most popular interface. This is the precursor to the touch-screen interface. Most of the touch-pads now feature multi-touch capabilities. Launched way back 1984, by Bill Buxton, touchpad now facing stiff competition from track balls and button joysticks. But it is the most popular interface for laptop computers.

The Mention touch screen is now one of the hottest interfaces in the market. Apple’s iPhone has played a very significant role to revive the potential of the approach. The market is now flooded with cell-phones having multi-touch screens. Multi-touch screens could be enabled with different techniques such as capacitive sensing, pressure sensing, infrared, and surface acoustic waves.

There has been a revolution in the domain of computer interfaces due to advancement of technology. Gesture Sensing is one of the latest in this context. Now you can play games and use all the applications by physically maneuvering all the devices. Accelerometers, compact magnetometers, and gyroscopes are used to track the movement of a device. For enabling computers to better recognize hand and body movements visually, gesture recognition is a new technique.

Voice Recognition is another very popular computer interface in the recent times. Although it is not so accurate all the times, and known for sluggish and awkward performance. But there has been significant improvement in this technology in the recent times. To avail satisfactory performance, the user needs to invest the time to train a system to recognize their voice.

Augmented Reality is another exciting emerging interface. This is an approach that blends virtual information with the real world. This new technology has been improving rapidly and the powerful processing chips and sensors made it easier for the common users to avail this.

The next important thing you should to do to secure cloud computing is physical and personal security optimization. This requires your careful and concentration in keeping your secure cloud of computing very well. The most important thing about this method is that you just need to make sure that you choose machine that has very excellent protection for your cloud computing. Or else, somebody else would hack your account if you just forget to log out your account in that machine.

The next important thing that you should concern about as well is the application security. This kind of thing is very important for you to have in every PC you have. Even if you use other computers that are not yours, you have to make sure that they have the best quality and the most excellent security, so that you will feel so safe every time you submit some important data you need to involve. It is better for you to leave if you do not find any application for security.

The current world we are living is moving in the lines of science and technology. Writing of technology and science papers has become part of students’ coursework. Students are assigned by their teachers’ science papers in order to measure their levels of education. With the increase in technology, students are required to be competitive and move with the technology so as to contribute to the building of the society. Writing science papers is not an easy task which one should take easily. When writing your technology and science papers, you require enough sources of current information. Most writers fail in their technology and science papers because they do use information which is not relevant. When it comes to time and essay writing skills, most students have a problem and thus why they approach essay writing companies for help.

Students in science discipline have a lot of requirements that they should meet before writing their science papers. Science is one of the core subjects which a student need to have writing help during writing his/her academic essay. It requires the writer to have better knowledge about the selected topic. Getting quality science papers and other academic papers have also turned to be another problem. Most of essay writing companies are in the market not to provide essay writing services but for financial gain. Students suffer from those companies because they spend most of their time and money. Our essay writing company will provide you with fast and quality academic essay writing services. Our essay writing company is the company where you can buy science papers without any fear.

When faced with academic essay writing problems, most companies have turned our essay writing service to be solution to their problems. This is because we have qualified essay writers who will provide you with custom written science papers. Our essay writing company has been of help to students in various academic levels. We provide our customers with premium essay writing services which enable them to get quality degrees. Our essay writers have been trained on how to produce quality science papers. We shall provide you with quality science papers which are written by professionals. Employing qualified essay writers have helped our essay writing company to be an international company which provides quality science papers.

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No matter what Jining the city insisted “the master plan, the target key points, the whole advancement, pay great attention the actual effect” the principle, makes take the area 110 Control centers as the first-level monitoring camera platform, the local police station, the village is two, third-level monitoring camera platform electronic video frequency monitoring camera network with all one’s strength, promoted the technical strong police model district construction powerfully. At present, the entire district has completed district level video frequency master control center 1, the town (street) the minute to control central 6, the technique against villages (business) 136, installed camera 836, establishment public security freeze point 19, the entire district nearly 50% key spots realizes dynamic, real-time has monitored the camera effectively. Application of local experience to the entire area, technique is against layout network.

The area public security sub-bureau has established take the electronic monitoring camera, the electronic warning, the GPS satellite positioning and so on as the support method television monitoring master control center, in the important spot, the path access has set up 60 video frequency monitoring points, has established omni-directionally, all-weather, the three-dimensional entire district backbone technique against network. The town (street) establishes the video frequency monitoring, the electronic warning minute in the local police station to control the center, to town street public security key units and so on station’s main street in a business area and main street intersection, key road section, trade market and finance, telecommunication, postal service, gas station,valuable cargo warehouse, school, hospital, implements the electronic monitoring completely. In the institution unit, the financial profession, the school, the hospital, the tourist scenic zone, key ore business and so on, establish from become the network, the self-contained guidance television supervisory system, monitors the internal all key critical parts. In village first-level, universal installment “electronic eye”, to the main street in a business area, the difference street intersection all-weather monitoring, has the condition also to control the central networking with the town minute. Sound of something astir union, technique against result maximization. According to the public security needs with the key monitoring spot distributed situation (security officer equipment), to adopt controls the center first in the town government station construction minute, then, develops the monitoring gradually along with the development. According to “immediate discovery, immediate direction, immediate handling” the request, the area public security sub-bureau monitors the platform besides the organization public security police to the area town to carry on the day and nights monitoring, the science adjustment police forces deployed (cctv security equipment), take the local police station polices, the police service room personnel as the backbone, establishes four class of three revolution working mechanism, delimits the side cutting and slicing, the flowing patrol, with monitors the facility mutually for the supplement, the seamless engagement, once discovers the police sentiment, is nearby fast the police, both eliminated the guard dead angle, to extrude the crime space, and raised the reaction rate, to strengthen the scene capture ability.from: security camera equipment

We all know, technology and business innovation are becoming the key to achieving a global competitive advantage. As a global leader in PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) vendor, PTC Education Program, not only active cooperation with many of the world’s universities, but also developed a set of custom learning solutions covering primary and secondary schools. For the general terms of primary and secondary schools, PTC through a special three-dimensional design to provide them with Software , Training and teaching materials on the machine, so that primary and secondary students were able to get the best product development education, training began in the growth stage technology literacy and innovation.

PTC Education Program The ultimate goal is to enable young people to understand the learning process fun and three-dimensional design techniques to enhance the students solve the problem, thinking and ability to collaborate with the team. Three-dimensional visualization of the design features of attracting students of varying ability, thus providing a new and natural means of communication, students can learn using logical thinking and spatial thinking to problem-solving skills.

PTCDesignQuestSchoolsProgram include: unpaid contributions by the PTC for teachers teaching and students to use the Pro / Engineer 3D design software, training, Teaching material , As well as for teachers of science and technology exchange forum.

On from Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Dalian and Hong Kong, hundreds of technology areas such as teacher training, PTC solution for primary and secondary education programs received widespread support and recognition of General of Tianjin Education Research Guan Xi-Liang teaching and research director, said: “We are very pleased to establish a close cooperative relationship with PTC to help the students get the best engineering education and practical skills, colleges and universities across the country more innovative delivery Talent . Tianjin is now one of the first three-dimensional design course set up, and achieved good results. “The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of Technology and Design teachers in Hai-Yan Han said:” Thanks, PTC’s teaching and research activities of our design software and technical support to our teachers and students an early experience of the advanced design concepts for future science and technology world laid the foundation for success. “

PTC Global Education Sector senior vice president, said Mr. JohnStuart: “PTC is committed to creating a new generation of technology innovators, and innovation to help students gain more skills. We are delighted to become the world’s technological literacy a part of popular movements I hope educators around the world by providing software, training and course material, encouraging students to design innovative products for the future. “

Currently, more than 12,000 worldwide has more than 500 million students in secondary schools to use Pro / Engineer software, and we also welcome more teachers and students to education programs for PTC.

Abstract:   This paper, the development of the global optical network situation is briefly introduced, then elaborated on some form next-generation optical networks and the corresponding key technologies.

Keywords: Metro optical networks; long-distance optical network; Multi-Service Transport Platform (MSTP); Resilient Packet Ring (RPR); Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM); Raman amplifier ( RamanAmplifier); Automatic Switched Optical Network (ASON); Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)

1. Overview End of last century, the new century, the global telecommunications market had a bubble, optical networking market was a serious recession, operators are no longer blind pursuit of high capacity and high bandwidth, but more emphasis on capital expenditure (CAPEX), operating expenses (OPEX) and return on investment (ROI) and other financial indicators, more value system equipment performance and low cost, multi-business solutions more attention, more attention can save labor costs of the intelligent configuration and scheduling function.

After several years of sharpening and the shock, since 2004, signs optical networking market, particularly evident.

Optical network is a basic network, after all, once the business grew, the bearing pressure optical network will increase accordingly. If the pursuit of long-haul optical network with high bandwidth, large capacity, then the pursuit of metro optical networks are multi-service and flexibility. So far, the global long-distance optical network bandwidth becomes saturated or even excess carriers in long-distance optical network investment ratio decreased or remained stable. However, due to the urgent need for practical engineering, ultra-long distance transmission which has evoked strong concern about some of the technical bottlenecks have been resolved, the pace is accelerating business. In addition, including the storage network (SAN) business, including data services is rising, image and multimedia services rather potential, will amount to anything. Many operators are moving in multi-service operator (MSO) the direction of evolution, voice, data and image go hand in hand makes the “TriplePlay” the word is very compelling. Construction of metro operators in full swing, the real purpose is to achieve network optimization is aimed at long-distance backbone network and access network between the user remove the “fault” phenomenon. We know that Metro is the metro optical network business network carrier, if the optical network (such as the traditional SDH and WDM) is only “fool” to send a business signal, then the business layer of pressure would be enormous. Now, the incumbent operators are building networks to modify their thinking, new operators is one step, adopt a new generation of optical networking equipment with the joint network service layer equipment.

2. On the next-generation optical network

Not mentioned here, the next generation of optical networks is to allow everyone to think that is a long way off. In other words, a new generation of optical network seems more practical, more relevant.

As voice services and TDM services can not instantly disappear, “a new generation of SDH” despite being classified as transitional technology, but it does have the vitality, the kind of “SDH degraded from a system to an interface “too early to say, especially for the Third World and less developed regions have operators. Two features is the new generation SDH multi-service and intelligent, multi-service performance evolved from SDH MSTP, intelligent performance as the introduction of GMPLS / ASON control plane to realize flexible bandwidth allocation, the business end scheduling and dynamic protection and restoration of function.

Has been the requirements of the industry is high-capacity WDM and transparent transmission. But the new generation of WDM equipment, other than to provide large capacity, high bandwidth, long distance transmission, while also providing rapid multi-service access and its own optical layer protection.

3. On the next-generation WDM networks

Long distance transmission is the next generation WDM network one of the key technologies. At present, the worldwide well-known optical communication system vendors offer large capacity, ultra-long distance DWDM transmission systems to support SDH / SONET / GE and many other business interface, the capacity can be smoothly extended to the T-bit level, the wavelength range covering C + L band can be G.652, G.655 fiber to achieve thousands of kilometers of radio relay transmission. The key technologies include: Distributed Raman and EDFA hybrid amplifier technology, super-band FEC technology, NRZ and RZ modulation pattern, dynamic power balancing, distributed dispersion management technology. Among them, the distributed Raman amplifier with large gain bandwidth, gain flatness, the distribution can be adjusted according to signal characteristics of the gain spectrum. Currently, the new standard for the Raman amplifier has been G.665 ITU-TSG15 allowed to pass through.

One of the highlights next-generation WDM network that is unique for the metropolitan area has many designs, including multi-service OTU, T-MUX, optical layer protection. For example, Metro WDM can not rely on the client layer (eg SDH) protection switching facility, which has its own recovery to share with the section of the protection and optical channel shared protection. Some metro OADM equipment serial / parallel optical switch integrated design approach, using a unique “upgrade interface” real guarantee “online upgrade” will not interrupt existing business. In addition, for the metro access network applications, operators can choose a compact, cost-effective CWDM equipment, enabling rapid capacity expansion and network optimization.

4. On the next-generation SDH network

About next-generation SDH, we naturally think of MSTP equipment, it can be based on a variety of SDH line rates to achieve, including 155Mb / s, 622 Mb / s, 2.5 Gb / s and 10Gb / s and so on. On the one hand, MSTP retains the inherent cross-SDH capabilities and traditional SDH / PDH service interfaces, TDM services continue to meet the demand; the other hand, MSTP provides ATM processing, Ethernet transparent transmission, L2 Ethernet switching, RPR processing , MPLS processing capabilities to meet the convergence of data services, carding and integration needs. Currently, the most preferred GFP MSTP to provide excellent package of order, and virtual concatenation and LCAS are adapted to the different needs of bandwidth and can in some particles within the link capacity adjustment. In addition to Ethernet functions, MSTP the RPR feature the original Ethernet switching module to overcome the disadvantage of slow, can achieve quick within 50ms protection switching, in addition, RPR provides a fair method to ensure the link bandwidth rational use, to maximize the situation to prevent link congestion. The use of MPLS functionality can MSTP networking capability extends from the ring lattice network, you can pseudo-wire (PW) approach to multi-client services (including Ethernet, ATM and frame relay) to access and together, and through

Abstract ASON technology is the development of optical transport network a major breakthrough, the paper discusses the advantages of ASON networks as well as the relationship between SDH and OTN, ASON is discussed in detail the transmission plane, control plane, and network management features and progress of the plane, and finally for the optical transport network evolution strategy to the ASON may be analyzed.

  Keywords automatic switched optical network user network interface synchronous digital sequence quality of service

2000 years later, the optical transport network technologies there are new developments, mainly automatic switched optical network (AutomaticallySwitched OpticalNetwork, ASON) the emergence of its most prominent feature is the introduction of an independent transmission network intelligence control plane, control plane to complete the routing using automatic discovery, call connection management, protection and restoration, so as to implement the dynamic call connection to the network management.

ASON draws heavily on the exchange and data technology, to exchange, transfer and data in three areas has added a new intersection. Various manufacturers and operators of the technology have been given due attention. This will be the key technology and its progress ASON discussed in detail and based on current national transmission network operators, the characteristics of the technical evolution of the program may be discussed.

1 ASON technical characteristics 1.1 ASON advantages ASON is a service request initiated by the users, automatic routing, signaling control achieved by the connection establishment / removal, financial exchange and transfer as one of the next-generation optical network.

Combined with the domestic transmission network operator status, ASON technology can solve the transmission network into three major technical challenges faced:

(1) the issue quickly to provide circuit

ASON most important feature is to quickly provide the circuit, using a distributed control can provide orders of magnitude in the second end of the circuit, the rate for 155Mbit / s, 2.5Gbit / s and so on. Businesses reduce the time help operators gain more customers and profit.

(2) transmission circuit QoS issues Transmission circuit current level of basic services can not be developed in accordance with the appropriate tariff policy, resulting in waste of resources, and ASON on the circuit can easily divide the priority to provide a service level agreement (SLA) of transmission circuits.

(3) can provide fast protection and restoration

Mostly rely on existing transmission network SDH rings to be protected, but the circuit efficiency is low, only 50%, while on the cross-ring circuit can not be effectively protected. The ASON can effectively solve the circuit protection and restoration can be completed in the second magnitude, and the cost of spare circuit less resources, general resources for the work of the circuit for 30% to 60%, well below the SDH ring network.

1.2 ASON and SDH, OTN relationship

Automatically switched optical network is divided into transmission plane, control plane and management plane in three parts. Transmission plane including the exchange of entities from the transmission network composed of network elements, is the realization of the connection establishment / removal, exchange and transfer of the physical plane. The introduction of ASON control plane is different from the traditional transport network is a fundamental point, which includes a series of real-time signaling and protocol system to realize the connection establishment, release control and monitoring, maintenance and other functions, the signaling control plane network support. Management plane is the control plane and transmission of the management plane.

ASON control plane is suited to the OTN (optical transport network), also applies to SDH, the transmission network as a unified control plane. SDH, OTN and ASON in the relationship can be expressed in Figure 1.

Can be seen from Figure 1, a separate SDH / OTN and does not constitute ASON, to constitute the ASON must SDH / OTN + plane + next-generation network management control plane (management and control can also plane and the transmission plane), three are indispensable. SDH, OTN transmission plane only ASON technology, ASON and SDH, OTN and does not contain relations.

2 ASON Technical Development 2.1 Technology transfer plane As the current line rate

reached 1.6Tbit / s, line capacity issue has been resolved. Transmission plane sent the most prominent problem is the node that the transmission network in the optical / electrical cross-machine, optical / electrical cross-machine is the core of transmission plane, the size of its processing capacity related to the ASON throughput and processing power, particle size .

Wavelength cross-current to achieve high capacity in three ways: The first is the all-optical switching, the second is the use of O / E / O (optical / electrical / optical) processing to achieve, the third is the photoelectric hybrid method. All-optical methods due to its stability and fault detection and location problems, is still in the experimental stage, commercialization will take some time. The opto-electronic hybrid approach the challenges facing the same way with all-optical. Now it seems the use of optical / electrical / optical approach is the mainstream product, especially in SDH-based optical / electrical / optical cross-machine (can be cross-VC-4 level). With the advent of large-capacity cross-chip (currently single cross-chip can reach 160Gbit / s and above), the core cross-cutting capacity of Tbit / s is not very difficult. To the market has been commercial-oriented 1.28Tbit / s products as an example, assume that input and output ports of the processing rate of 10Gbit / s, the cross-matrix of size 128 × 128 should be more than the capacity of its external service access 1.28Tbit / s. This rate of capacity is appropriate for the current network, although route on the backbone WDM System is 32 × 10Gbit / s, but the actual with the wavelength is usually 4 to 8, assuming that each line has eight wavelengths need to be processed, the matrix can be cross-direction of the end of the 16 WDM line. Even for such a core transmission node Beijing, currently meet the requirements. Using optical / electrical / optical mode is a characteristic of other low-level VC can cross to achieve a low rate of integration and aggregation, network more easily.

Optical / electrical / optical methods can support high-capacity cross-Machine VC-4 and VC-4-Xc level crossing. In the external interface is generally 2.5 Gbit / s, 10Gbit / s, can be G.707 SDH interface or G.709 OTN interfaces. SDH interface supports 2 fiber, 4 fiber MS-Spring multiplex section protection ring. As the connection status monitoring by the sending side must initiate the connection point and end point detection signal quality; for SDH, OTN, you can use SDH, OTN overhead for performance monitoring and fault management, such as SDH monitoring bytes B1, J0 , control surfaces need